This paper argues that technological and organizational process innovations are two components of one single phenomenon and are influenced by the same antecedents. It extends prior research by examining internal and external antecedents of the two types of process innovation and providing a more robust test of their complementarity. Data come from a merged dataset of the Organizational Change and Computerization (COI) survey and the Enquete Annuelle d’Entreprises (EAE) of manufacturing and service firms in France for the period 2003-2007. We analyze the data by an econometric methodology, using a two-step procedure to cope with potential problems related to synchronous introduction of innovation types. The results indicate that technological and organizational process innovations are driven by similar antecedents and are complementary. We discuss the implications of the findings for research on process innovations in organizations.
